SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol):

• A protocol that uses XML for message format and relies on application layer protocols such as HTTP and SMTP.

• Provides strong security features and standardized communication.

REST (Representational State Transfer):

• An architectural style that uses standard HTTP methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE) for communication.

• Works with various data formats, including JSON and XML.

• Lightweight and widely used for web APIs.

GraphQL:

• A query language for APIs that allows clients to request only the data they need.

• Provides more flexibility compared to REST APIs.

gRPC (Google Remote Procedure Call):

• Uses Protocol Buffers (Protobuf) for serialization.

• Offers high performance and is ideal for microservices communication.